American Toad
Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)
Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Subphylum | Vertebrata |
| Class | Amphibia |
| Order | Anura |
| Family | Bufonidae |
| Genus | Anaxyrus |
| Species | Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836) |
Description
Diagnostic characters
- Ecological class
- Accidental
Distribution
Range
Known from four counties across four states.
Continent
North America
Country
United States
States and provinces
Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee
Counties
- Alabama
- Jackson
- Illinois
- Pike
- Kentucky
- Barren
- Tennessee
- Grundy
Conservation and management
IUCN Red List
LC Least Concern
Assessed in 2022.
NatureServe
G5 Secure
National ranks
- Canada
- N5 Secure
- United States
- N5 Secure
Subnational ranks
- Nunavut
- SU Unrankable
- Ontario
- S5 Secure
- Prince Edward Island
- S5 Secure
- Quebec
- S5 Secure
- Manitoba
- S4 Apparently Secure
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- S5 Secure
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- SNA Not Applicable
- Nova Scotia
- S5 Secure
- New Brunswick
- S5 Secure
- Oklahoma
- SNR Unranked
- Illinois
- S5 Secure
- South Carolina
- S5 Secure
- Kansas
- S5 Secure
- Virginia
- S5 Secure
- New Hampshire
- S5 Secure
- Mississippi
- S4 Apparently Secure
- Connecticut
- S5 Secure
- Alabama
- S5 Secure
- Arkansas
- S5 Secure
- New York
- S5 Secure
- Rhode Island
- S5 Secure
- Michigan
- S5 Secure
- Missouri
- S5 Secure
- Minnesota
- S5 Secure
- North Carolina
- S5 Secure
- Maryland
- S5 Secure
- Delaware
- S5 Secure
- New Jersey
- S5 Secure
- Nebraska
- S1 Critically Imperiled
- North Dakota
- SNR Unranked
- West Virginia
- S5 Secure
- Maine
- S5 Secure
- Wisconsin
- S5 Secure
- Pennsylvania
- S5 Secure
- Louisiana
- S3 Vulnerable
- District of Columbia
- S5 Secure
- Iowa
- S5 Secure
- Vermont
- S5 Secure
- South Dakota
- SU Unrankable
- Kentucky
- S5 Secure
- Tennessee
- S5 Secure
- Massachusetts
- S5 Secure
- Georgia
- S5 Secure
- Indiana
- SNR Unranked
- Ohio
- SNR Unranked
- Texas
- S4 Apparently Secure
State and federal status
Not listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act
References
- Godwin, J.C. 2008. Biological inventory of the cave and karst systems of The Nature Conservancy's Sharp-Bingham Mountain Preserve. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Auburn, Alabama, USA. 40 pp.
- Hobbs, III., H.H. 1994. Assessment of the ecological resources of the caves of Russell Cave National Monument, Jackson County, Alabama and of selected caves at the Lookout Mountain Unit of Chickamauga-Chattanooga National Military Park, Dade County, Georgia and Hamilton County, Tennessee. 200 pp.
- Lewis, J.J. 2005. A biological inventory of caves of the Cumberland Plateau. Tennessee Chapter Cave Program, The Nature Conservancy, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 156 pp.
- Niemiller, M.L. & Miller, B.T. 2009. A survey of the cave-associated herpetofauna of the eastern United States with an emphasis on salamanders. Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Speleology, Kerrville, Texas, USA, Volume 1: 249–256.
- Webb, D.W., Taylor, S.J. & Krejca, J.K. 1993. The biological resources of Illinois caves and other subterranean environments. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA. 143 pp.
How to cite this account
Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836). Cave Biology Data Portal, account SP-2174. https://cavebiology.org/species/anaxyrus-americanus/ (accessed 7 September 2026).
Data sources and funding are listed in the Acknowledgments.
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