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Cave Biology Data Portal

Subterranean biodiversity of North America and around the globe

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Cave Biology Data Portal
Subterranean biodiversity of North America and around the globe

References
The literature behind the accounts

Everything cited in the portal. Most entries list the species they concern, so a faunal survey can be opened to see what it recorded.

702 references

  • Adams, G.L., Burr, B.M. & Warren, Jr., M.L. 2020. Chapter 21. Amblyopsidae: cavefishes. In: Warren, Jr., M.L & Burr, B.M. (eds), Freshwater Fishes of North America. Volume 2. Characidae to Poeciliidae, pp. 281–321. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 9 species
  • Agassiz, L. 1853. Recent reseacher of Prof. Agassiz. The American Journal of Science 16: 134–136. 1 species
  • Aldrich, J.M. 1897. A collection of Diptera from Indiana caves. In: Blatchley, W.S. (ed), The Fauna of Indiana Caves. Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources (1896), pp. 186–190. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indianapolis, IN, USA. https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=67836. 12 species
  • Alvarez, F. & Guillen-Servent, A. 2016. A new species of stygobitic isopod (Crustacea: Stenasellidae) of the genus Mexistenasellus from Veracruz, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 1257–1264. nothing tagged
  • Archer, A.F. 1940a. Some cave spiders of Alabama. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 12: 28. 18 species
  • Archer, A.F. 1940b. The Argiopidae or orb-weaving spiders of Alabama. Paper of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 14: 7–77. 10 species
  • Archer, A.F. 1941a. Supplement to the Argiopidae of Alabama. Paper of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 18: 1–47. 2 species
  • Archer, A.F. 1941b. Alabama spiders of the family Mimetidae. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letter 27: 183–193. 1 species
  • Archer, A.F. 1946. The Theridiidae or comb-footed spiders of Alabama. Paper of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 22: 1–67. 13 species
  • Armbruster, J.A., Niemiller, M.L. & Hart, P.B. 2016. Morphological evolution of the cave-, spring-, and swampfishes of the Amblyopsidae (Percopsiformes). Copeia 104: 763–777. 5 species
  • Armstrong, J.G. & Williams, J.D. 1971. Cave and spring fishes of the southern bend of the Tennessee River. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 46: 107–115. 8 species
  • Aunins, A.W., Nelms, D.L., Hobson, C.S. & King, T.L. 2016. Comparative mitogenomic analyses of three North American stygobiont amphipods of the genus Stygobromus (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Mitochondrial DNA Part B 1: 560–563. 3 species
  • Bailey, V. 1933. Cave Life of Kentucky. US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, DC, USA. 256 pp. 73 species
  • Bain, J.R. 1981. Roosting ecology of three Florida bats: Nycticeius humeralis, Myotis austroriparius, and Tadarida brasiliensis. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 131 pp. 1 species
  • Balogh, A., Ngo, L., Zigler, K.S. & Dixon, G. 2020. Population genomics in two cave-obligate invertebrates confirms extremely limited dispersal between caves. Scientific Reports 10: 17554. 2 species
  • Banks, N. 1895. Notes on the Pseudoscorpionida. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 3: 1–13. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002639. 4 species
  • Banks, N. 1900. New genera and species of American Phalangida. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 8: 199–201. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002900. 1 species
  • Banta, A.M. 1907. The fauna of Mayfield's Cave. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 67: 1–114. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60987. 134 species
  • Barber, H.S. 1928. Two new cave-beetles related to Anophthalmus pusio Horn. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 18: 194–196. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24522530. 3 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1953. Notes on the occurrence of ranid frogs in caves. Copeia 1953: 60–61. 4 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1958. A new cave beetle of the genus Ptomaphagus (Catiopidae) from DeKalb County, Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 33: 170–171. 3 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1959a. New cave beetles (Carabidae, Trechini) from Tennessee and Kentucky. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 34: 5–30. 27 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1959b. The male of Pseudanophthalmus audax (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 20: 1–3. http://psyche.entclub.org/93/93–047.html. 5 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1962. The robustus group in the genus Pseudanophthalmus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 16: 109–118. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3998965. 7 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1963. Studies on the cavernicole Ptomaphagus of the United States (Coleoptera: Catopidae). Psyche 70: 50–58. 11 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1965. The Pseudanophthalmus of the Appalachian Valley (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The American Midland Naturalist 73: 41–72. 38 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1966. Some comments on "troglobites of Alabama - the beetles". Huntsville Grotto Newsletter 7: 33–34. 29 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1967a. A new Pseudanophthalmus from an epigean environment in West Virginia (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Psyche 74: 166–172. 2 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1974. The eyeless beetles of the genus Arianops Brendel (Coleoptera, Pselaphidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 154: 1–52. 5 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1979. The taxonomy, distribution, and affinities of Neaphaenops, with notes on associated species of Pseudanophthalmus (Coleoptera, Carabidae). American Museum Novitates 2682: 1–20. https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstreams/51c5f132–59fd-4ffc-b841-cbc1fd505dfb/download. 12 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1980. New species groups of Pseudanophthalmus from the Central Basin of Tennessee (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Brimleyana 3: 85–96. 13 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1981. Pseudanophthalmus from Appalachian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae): the engelhardti complex. Brimleyana 5: 37–94. 46 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1985b. New trechine beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Appalachian region. Brimleyana 11: 119–132. 11 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1986. An eyeless subterranean beetle (Pseudanophthalmus) from a Kentucky coal mine (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Psyche 93: 47–50. 1 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 1987. Batriasymmodes from caves in the Virginias (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). Brimleyana 13: 21–24. 2 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. 2004. A classification and checklist of the genus Pseudanophthalmus Jeannel (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Special Publication 11. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia, USA. 52 pp. 144 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. & Kuehne, R.A. 1962. The cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea, in northern Kentucky. Copeia 1962: 662. 1 species
  • Barr, T.C. & Peck, S.B. 1965. Occurrence of a troglobitic Pseudanophthalmus outside a cave (Coleoptera: Carabidae). American Midland Naturalist 73: 73–74. nothing tagged
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. & Peck, S.B. 1966. Discovery of Pseudanophthalmus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in southern Illinois. American Midland Naturalist 76: 519–522. 2 species
  • Barr, T.C. & Reddell, J.R. 1967. The arthropod cave fauna of the Carlsbad Caverns region, New Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist 12: 253–273. 46 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. & Kuehne, R.A. 1971. Ecological studies in the Mammoth Cave system of Kentucky. II. The Ecosystem. Annales de Speleologie 26: 47–96. 120 species
  • Barr, T.C., Jr. & Crowley, P.H. 1981. Do cave carabid beetles really show character displacement in body size?. The American Naturalist 117: 363–371. 3 species
  • Bearden, R.A., McGregor, S.W. & West, D.A. 2019. Water quality and biological monitoring in Bobcat and Matthews caves, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, 1990–2019. Open-File Report 1907. Geological Survey of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 46 pp. 1 species
  • Bearden, R.A., McGregor, S.W. & West, D.A. 2020. Water quality and biological monitoring in Bobcat and Matthews caves, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, 1990–2020. Open-File Report 2013. Geological Survey of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 53 pp. 1 species
  • Bearden, R.A., McGregor, S.W., West, D.A., Ponta, G.M. & Hastert, G.A. 2022. Water quality and biological monitoring in Bobcat and Matthews caves, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, 1990–2022. Open-File Report 2204. Geological Survey of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 149 pp. 1 species
  • Bechler, D.L. 1983. The evolution of agonistic behavior in amblyopsid cavefishes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 12: 35–42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4599555. nothing tagged
  • Beck, B.F. 1980. An Introduction to Caves and Cave Exploring in Georgia. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 43 pp. 5 species
  • Beharse, J.C. & Brandon, R.A. 1973. Optomotor response and eye structure of the troglobitic salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus. The American Midland Naturalist 89: 463–467. 1 species
  • Benedict, E.M. 1979. A new species of Apochthonius Chamberlin from Oregon (Pseudoscorpionida, Chthoniidae). Journal of Arachnology 7: 79–83. 1 species
  • Benedict, E.M. & Malcolm, D.R. 1973. A new cavernicolous species of Apochthonius (Chelonethida: Chthoniidae) from the western United States with special reference to troglobitic tendencies in the genus. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 92: 620–628. 2 species
  • Benedict, E.M. & Malcolm, D.R. 1974. A new cavernicolous species of Mundochthonius from the eastern United States (Pseudoscorpionida, Chthoniidae). Journal of Arachnology 2: 1–4. 2 species
  • Benito, J.B., Porter, M.L. & Niemiller, M.L. 2021. The mitochondrial genomes of five spring and groundwater amphipods of the family Crangonyctidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from eastern North America. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 6: 1662–1667. 7 species
  • Benito, J.B., Ober, K.A., Philips, T.K., Orndorff, W. & Niemiller, M.L. 2025. Phylogenomics and biogeography of North American trechine cave beetles (Coleoptera:Carabidae) inferred from ultraconserved elements. Evolution 79: 1622–1642. 42 species
  • Benjamin, R.K. 1951. The taxonomy and relationships of Laboulbeniales on staphylinoid beetles from the United States. University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. 244 pp. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2779802437. 1 species
  • Best, T.L. & Hudson, M.K. 1996. Movements of gray bats (Myotis grisescens) between roost sites and foraging areas. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 67: 6–14. 1 species
  • Blackwood, R. & Kalange, J. 1999. Cave biomonitoring and water quality analysis of Hering Cave Madison County, Alabama. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 70: 91–96. 1 species
  • Blair, A.P. 1961. Metamorphosis of Pseudotriton palleucus with iodine. Copeia 1961: 499. 1 species
  • Boschung, Jr., H.T. 1961. An annotated list of fishes from the Coosa River system of Alabama. The American Midland Naturalist 66: 257–285. 2 species
  • Boschung, Jr., H.T. & Mayden, R.L. 2004. Fishes of Alabama. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. 736 pp. ISBN 978–1588340047. 3 species
  • Bouchard, R.W. 1976. Crayfishes and shrimps. In: Boshung, H. (ed), Endangered and threatened plants and animals of Alabama. Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin 2, pp. 13–20. Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 7 species
  • Bousfield, E.L. 1963. New fresh-water amphipod crustaceans from Florida. Natural History Papers of the National Museum of Canada 18: 1–9. 4 species
  • Bousquet, Y. 2012. Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico. ZooKeys 245: 1–1. 182 species
  • Boyd, S.H., Niemiller, K.D.K., Dooley, K.E., Nix, J. & Niemiller, M.L. 2020. Using environmental DNA methods to survey for rare groundwater fauna: detection of an endangered endemic cave crayfish in northern Alabama. PLoS One 15: e0242741. 2 species
  • Brandon, R.A. 1962. A systematic study of the salamander genus Gyrinophilus. University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. 121 pp. 3 species
  • Brandon, R.A. 1965. A new race of the neotenic salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus. Copeia 1965: 346–352. 2 species
  • Brandon, R.A. 1966. Systematics of the salamander genus Gyrinophilus. Illinois Biological Monographs 35: 1–86. 3 species
  • Brandon, R.A. 1967a. Gyrinophilus palleucus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 32: 1–2. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/44957. 2 species
  • Brandon, R.A. 1967b. Food and an intestinal parasite of the troglobitic salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides. Herpetologica 23: 52–53. 2 species
  • Brandon, R.A. 1971a. North American troglobitic salamanders: some aspects of modification in cave habitats, with special reference to Gyrinophilus palleucus. Bulletin of the National Speleological Society 33: 1–21. nothing tagged
  • Brandon, R.A. & Black, J.H. 1970. The taxonomic status of Typhylotriton braggi. Copeia 1970: 388–391. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1441675. 3 species
  • Brandon, R.A., Jacobs, J., Wynn, A. & Sever, D.M. 1986. A naturally metamorphosed Tennessee cave salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 61: 1–2. 3 species
  • Breinholt, J.W., Porter, M.L. & Crandall, K.A. 2012. Testing phylogenetic hypotheses of the subgenera of the freshwater crayfish genus Cambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae). PLoS One 7(9): e46105. 10 species
  • Brennan, J.M. & White, J.S. 1960. New records and description of chiggers (Acarina, Trombiculidae) on bats in Alabama. Journal of Parasitology 46: 346–350. 11 species
  • Briggs, T.S. 1969. A new Holoarctic family of laniatorid phalangids. The Pan-Pacifiic Entomologist 45: 35–50. 1 species
  • Brock, K.A. & Bortone, S.A. 1977. Cave dwelling fishes in panhandle Florida. Florida Scientist 40: 406–407. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24320078. 7 species
  • Brown, F.A. 1961. Diurnal rhythm in cave crayfish. Nature 191: 929–930. 1 species
  • Brown, J.S. & Boschung, H.T. 1954. Rana palustris in Alabama. Copeia 1954: 226. 1 species
  • Buhay, J.E. & Crandall, K.A. 2005. Subterranean phylogeography of freshwater crayfishes shows extensive gene flow and surprisingly large population sizes. Molecular Ecology 14: 4259–4273. 4 species
  • Buhay, J.E., Moni, G., Mann, N. & Crandall, K.A. 2007. Molecular taxonomy in the dark: evolutionary history, phylogeography, and diversity of cave crayfish in the subgenus Aviticambarus, genus Cambarus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42(2): 435–448. 6 species
  • Buhay, J.E. & Crandall, K.A. 2008. Taxonomic revision of cave crayfishes in the genus Orconectes, subgenus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) along the Cumberland Plateau, including a description of a new species, Orconectes barri. Journal of Crustacean Biology 28: 57–67. 6 species
  • Buhay, J.E. & Crandall, K.A. 2009. Taxonomic revision of cave crayfish in the genus Cambarus, subgenus Aviticambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) with descriptions of two new species, C. speleocoopi and C.laconensis, endemic to Alabama, U.S.A. Journal of Crustacean Biology 29(1): 121–134. 9 species
  • Bunting, D.L. 1973. The Cladocera and Copepoda of Tennessee II. Cyclopoid copepods. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 48: 138–141. 4 species
  • Burr, B.M., Warren & M.L. Jr. 1986. A distributional atlas of Kentucky fishes. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfurt, Kentucky, USA. 398 pp. 3 species
  • Burr, B.M., Warren, Jr., M.L. & Bennett, M.G. 2020. Chapter 15. Ictaluridae: North American catfishes. In: Warren, Jr., M.L & Burr, B.M. (eds), Freshwater Fishes of North America. Volume 2. Characidae to Poeciliidae, pp. 23–100. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 1 species
  • Bush, G. 1985a. Crooked Creek Ice Cave, Rockcastle County, Kentucky. In: Hacker, C., Vore, D. & Vore, D. (eds), 1985 NSS Convention Guidebook no. 25: The Caves of South Eastern Kentucky, pp. 35–37. Ohio Valley Region, National Speleological Society. 2 species
  • Bush, G. 1985b. Sliding Cave, Pulaski County, Kentucky. In: Hacker, C., Vore, D. & Vore, D. (eds), 1985 NSS Convention Guidebook no. 25: The Caves of South Eastern Kentucky, pp. 53–54. Ohio Valley Region, National Speleological Society. nothing tagged
  • Caine, E.A. 1974a. Zoogeography of the Floridian troglobitic crayfishes, genus Procambarus. The American Midland Naturalist 92: 487–492. 6 species
  • Caine, E.A. 1974b. Adaptations to species-specific habitats by epigean and troglobitic crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae). Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. 85 pp. 4 species
  • Caine, E.A. 1978. Comparative ecology of epigean and hypogean crayfish (Crustacea: Cambaridae) from northwestern Florida. The American Midland Naturalist 99: 315–329. 4 species
  • Campbell, C.W., Sullivan, S.M. & Livingston, L.R. 1997. Modeling of a cave ecosystem. In: Beck, B.F., Herring, J.G. & Stephenson, J.B. (eds), The Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology of Karst Terranes, pp. 395–399. CRC Press, London, United Kingdom. 3 species
  • Cannizzaro, A.G., Balding, D., Lazo-Wasem, E.A. & Sawicki, T.R. 2019a. Morphological and molecular analyses reveal a new species of stygobitic amphipod in the genus Crangonyx (Crustacea: Crangonyctidae) from Jackson County, Florida, with a redescription of Crangonyx floridanus and notes on its taxonomy and biogeography. Journal of Natural History 53: 425–473. 3 species
  • Cannizzaro, A.G., Balding, D., Stine, M. & Sawicki, T.R. 2019b. A new syntopic species of Stygobromus Cope, 1872 (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from groundwaters in Georgia and Florida, USA, with notes on S. floridanus Holsinger & Sawicki, 2016. Journal of Crustacean Biology 39: 407–418. 5 species
  • Cannizzaro, A.G., Balding, D., Lazo-Wasem, E.A. & Sawicki, T.R. 2020. A new species rises from beneath Florida: molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal cryptic diversity among the metapopulation of Crangonyx hobbsi Shoemaker, 1941 (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 20: 387–404. 5 species
  • Cannizzaro, A.G., Sisco, J.M. & Sawicki, T.R. 2022. Reappraisal of the Crangonyx floridanus species complex, with the description of a new species of Crangonyx Bate, 1859 (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from northern Florida, USA. Journal of Crustacean Biology 42: ruac027. nothing tagged
  • Cannizzaro, A.G., Sawicki, T.R., Schaefer, J., Castrillo, D., Maxwell, E.C., Burch, E., Culver, D.C. & Niemiller, M.L. 2026. Two new species of Stygobromus Cope, 1872 (Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) amphipods from hypotelminorheic seepage springs in the Washington, D.C., USA area. Subterranean Biology 57: 23–63. 2 species
  • Carlton, C.E. 2008. Eight new species of Arianops Brendel from the southeastern United States with an updated key and notes on additional species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 62: 297–323. 2 species
  • Carpenter, J.H. 1970a. Systematics and ecology of cave planarians of the United States. University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. 213 pp. 19 species
  • Carpenter, J.H. 1970b. Geocentrophora cavernicola n. sp. (Turbellaria, Alloeocoela): first cave alloeocoel. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 89: 124–133. 4 species
  • Carr & A.F. Jr. 1939. Haideotriton wallacei, a new subterranean salamander from Georgia. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 8: 333–336. 1 species
  • Carver, L.M., Perlaky, P., Cressler, A. & Zigler, K.S. 2016. Reproductive seasonality in Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) cave spiders. PLOS One 11: e0156751. 14 species
  • Cassidy, J.J., O'Hagan, G.G., Sanders, J.S. & Harvey, M.J. 1979. Swarming of bats at two southern Ozark caves. Proceedings of the Tennessee Academy of Science 54: 73. 6 species
  • Caterino, M.S. & Harden, C.W. 2024. A review of Appalachian Dasycerus Brongniart and the recognition of cryptic diversity within Dasycerus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Dasycerinae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 8: 5. 1 species
  • Causey, N.B. 1959. Some cavernicolous millipeds from the Cumberland Plateau. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 34: 229–237. 15 species
  • Causey, N.B. 1960. Speciation in North American cave millipeds. American Midland Naturalist 64: 116–122. 25 species
  • Causey, N.B. 1964. New cavernicolous millipeds of the family Cambalidae (Cambalidea: Spirostreptida) from Texas (U.S.A.) and Mexico. International Journal of Speleology 1: 237–246. 2 species
  • Chace & F.A. Jr. 1954. Two new subterranean shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea) from Florida and the West Indies, with a revised key to the American species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 44: 318–324. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24533251. 4 species
  • Chamberlin, R.V. 1925. The Ethopolidae of America north of Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 57: 383–438. 1 species
  • Chamberlin, R.V. 1946. On some millipedes of Georgia. Entomological News 57: 149–152. 2 species
  • Chamberlin, J.C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae (Ararchnida, Chelonethida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123: 299–352. 12 species
  • Chamberlin, R.V. & Hoffman, R.L. 1958. Checklist of the millipedes of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1–236. 31 species
  • Chamberlin, J.C. & Malcolm, D.R. 1960. The occurrence of false scorpions in caves with special reference to cavernicolous adaptation and to cave species in the North American fauna (Arachnida-Chelonethida). American Midland Naturalist 64: 105–115. 14 species
  • Christiansen, K. 1960a. A preliminary survey of the knowledge of North American cave Collembola. American Midland Naturalist 64: 39–44. nothing tagged
  • Christiansen, K. 1960b. The genus Pseudosinella (Collembola, Entomobryidae) in caves of the United States. Psyche 67: 1–25. 14 species
  • Christiansen, K. 1960c. The genus Sinella Brook (Collembola: Entomobryidae) in Nearctic caves. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 53: 481–491. 7 species
  • Christiansen, K. 1960. Convergence and parallelism in cave Entomobryinae. Evolution 15: 288–301. nothing tagged
  • Christiansen, K. & Culver, D. 1968. Geographical variation and evolution in Pseudosinella hirsuta. Evolution 22: 237–255. nothing tagged
  • Christiansen, K. & Bellinger, P. 1996a. Cave Pseudosinella and Oncopodura new to science. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 58: 38–53. https://legacy.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V58/V58N1-Christiansen.pdf. 13 species
  • Christiansen, K. & Bellinger, P. 1996b. Cave Arrhopalites: new to science. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 58: 168–180. https://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V58/V58N3-Christiansen.pdf. 12 species
  • Clark, Jr., D.R., Wenner, A.S. & Moore, J.F. 1986. Metal residues in bat colonies, Jackson County, Florida, 1981–1983. Florida Field Naturalist 14: 38–45. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ffn/vol14/iss2/2/. 2 species
  • Clark, Jr., D.R., Bagley, F.M. & Johnson, W.W. 1988. Northern Alabama colonies of the endangered grey bat Myotis grisescens: organochlorine contamination and mortality. Biological Conservation 43: 213–225. 1 species
  • Clark, Jr., D.R., Moreno-Valdez, A. & Mora, M.A. 1995. Organochlorine residues in bat guano from nine Mexican caves, 1991. Ecotoxicology 4: 258–265. 4 species
  • Cobb, R.M. 1985. A reconnaissance of caves in Lauderdale and Colbert counties, Alabama for the Alabama cavefish, Speleoplatyrhinus poulsoni. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. 28 pp. 9 species
  • Cobb, R.M. 1986. An attempt to collect specimens of cavefish at three cave sites in northwest Alabama. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. 9 pp. 4 species
  • Cobb, R.M. 1989. An attempt to secure a cavefish for identification in Bell Cave, Colbert County, Alabama. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. 13 pp. 2 species
  • Coleman, W.T. & Zigler, K.S. 2015. The rediscovery of Caecidotea nickajackensis in Tennessee and Alabama. Speleolobiology Notes 7: 10–13. 6 species
  • Collins, J. & Sanders, C. 2016. A summary of bat-friendly gates and applications in Pennsylvania. In: Butchkoski, C.M., Reeder, D.M., Turner, G.G. & Whidden, H.P. (eds), Conservation and Ecology of Pennsylvania's Bats, pp. 201–208. The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA. 7 species
  • Cook, D.G. 1971. Trichodrilus callegheniensis n. sp. (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) from a cave in southern Tennessee. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 90: 381–383. 1 species
  • Cook, D.G. 1975. Cave-dwelling aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida) from the eastern United States. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 94: 24–37. 9 species
  • Cooper, J.E. 1965b. Further commentary on cave-associated salamanders. The Baltimore Grotto News 8: 202. 2 species
  • Cooper, J.E. 1965c. Another cave record for the Ravine Salamander. The Baltimore Grotto News 8: 202. 2 species
  • Cooper, J.E. 1966. Preliminary observation on the biology of Shelta Cave, Alabama. Bulletin of the National Speleological Society 28: 96–97. 13 species
  • Cooper, J.E. 1967. Animals in Alabama caves. In: Veitch, J. (ed), The Caves of Alabama: A Guide for the 1967 Convention of the National Speleological Society, pp. 14–16. National Speleological Society, Huntsville, Alabama, USA. 2 species
  • Cooper, J.E. 1968a. The salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus in Georgia, with notes on Alabama and Tennessee population. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 39: 182–185. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54954393. 9 species
  • Cooper, J.E. 1968b. Shelta Cave, a biological marvel. National Speleological Society News 26: 33–35. 13 species
  • Cooper, J.E. 1975. Ecological and behavioral studies in Shelta Cave, Alabama, with emphasis on decapod crustaceans. University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. 364 pp. 60 species
  • Cooper, J.E. & Cooper, M.R. 1966. Comments on Alabama cave biology. Huntsville Grotto Newsletter 7: 37–41. 6 species
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  • Cooper, J.E. & Iles, A. 1971. The southern cavefish, Typhlichthys subterraneus, at the southeastern periphery of its range. Bulletin of the National Speleological Society 33: 45–49. 5 species
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  • Cooper, J.E. & Cooper, M.R. 1997a. New troglobitic crayfish of the genus Orconectes, subgenus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae), endemic to Shelta Cave, Huntsville, Alabama. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 59: 119–127. 13 species
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  • Cottrell, T.E. 1985. Pine Hill Cave, Rockcastle County, Kentucky. In: Hacker, C., Vore, D. & Vore, D. (eds), 1985 NSS Convention Guidebook no. 25: The Caves of South Eastern Kentucky, pp. 46–49. Ohio Valley Region, National Speleological Society. 2 species
  • Cox, U.O. 1905. A revision of the cave fishes of North America. Appendix to the Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor for the Year Ending June 30, 1904. Bureau of Fisheries, U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, DC, USA. 377–393. 6 species
  • Craig, D.L., Kirby-Smith, J.S. & Dent, J.N. 1956. Mitotic inhibition and chromosome breakage in salamanders of the genus Gyrinophilus. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 75: 234–241. 1 species
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  • Culver, D.C. 1999. A history of management of biological resources of Shelta Cave, Alabama, USA. Proceedings of the Meeting on Caves of Natural Origin under Cities and Urban Areas: 130–131. 2 species
  • Culver, D.C., Hobbs, III, H.H. & Mylroie, J.E. 1999. Alabama: a subterranean biodiversity hotspot. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 70: 97–104. nothing tagged
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  • DeKay, J.E. 1842. Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illustrations. Park IV. Fishes. W. & A. White & J. Visscher, Albany, New York, USA. 415 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2010003. 1 species
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  • DiSalvo, A.F., Bigler, W.J., Ajello, L., Johnson, J.E. & Palmer, J. 1970. Bat and soil studies for sources of histoplasmosis in Florida. Public Health Reports 85: 1063–1069. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2031812/. 2 species
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  • Dobkin, S. 1971. The larval development of Palaemonetes cummingi Chace, 1954 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana 20: 285–297. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20101790. nothing tagged
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  • Doonan, T.J. 2001. Survey of Squirrel Chimney and other selected caves to determine the status of Squirrel Chimney Cave Shrimp (Palaemonetes cummingi). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. 44 pp. 5 species
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  • Dusi, J.L. 1976. Mammals. In: Boshung, H. (ed), Endangered and threatened plants and animals of Alabama. Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin 2, pp. 88–92. Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 6 species
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  • Eigenmann, C.H. 1897. The Amblyopsidae, the blind fish of America. Report of the British Association for the Advacement of Science 1897: 685–686. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30118215. 7 species
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  • Eigenmann, C.H. 1899a. Explorations in the caves of Missouri and Kentucky. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 1899: 58–61. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14629276. 8 species
  • Eigenmann, C.H. 1899b. Notes on the blind fishes. Science 9: 370. 2 species
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  • Erwin, T.L. & House, G.N. 1978. A catalogue of the primary types of Carabidae (incl. Cicindelinae) in the collections of the United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM) (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin 32: 231–256. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3999875. 56 species
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  • Faxon, W. 1898. Observations on the Astacidae in the United States National Museum and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 20: 643–694. 4 species
  • Faxon, W. 1914. Notes on the crayfishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, with descriptions of new species and subspecies, to which is appended a catalogue of the known species and subspecies. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 40: 351–427. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/pagethumb/13305306,100,100. 8 species
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  • Fenolio, D.B., Niemiller, M.L., Slay, M.E. & Carter, E.T. 2017. Biological inventories of caves in the Ozarks of northeastern Oklahoma: December 2017 field report. Report to Oklahoma Biological Survey. San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, Texas, USA. 17 pp. 24 species
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  • Fenolio, D.B., Slay, M.E. & Niemiller, M.L. 2023a. Biological inventories of caves in the Ozarks of northeastern Oklahoma: December 2022 field report. Report to Oklahoma Biological Survey. San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, Texas, USA. 24 pp. 17 species
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  • Fitzgerald, D.B., Smith, D.R., Culver, D.C., Feller, D., Fong, D.W., Hejenga, J., Niemiller, M.L., Nolfi, D.C., Orndorff, W.D., Douglas, B., Maloney, K.O. & Young, J.A. 2021. Using expert knowledge to support Endangered Species Act decision-making for data-deficient species. Conservation Biology 35: 1627–1638. 3 species
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  • Florea, L.J. & Yuellig, A. 2007. Everglades National Park - surveying the southernmost cave in the continental United States. Inside Earth 10: 3–5. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/geog_fac_pub/6. 2 species
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  • Floyd, T.M. & Jensen, J.B. 2018. Eurycea wallacei (Carr, 1939), Georgia Blind Salamander. Georgia Biodiversity Portal, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. https://georgiabiodiversity.org/portal/profile?group=animals&es_id=22358. 1 species
  • Forbes, S.A. 1881. A rare fish in Illinois. The American Naturalist 15: 232–233. 1 species
  • Forster, R.R., Platnick, N.I. & Gray, M.R. 1987. A review of the spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 185: 1–116. 9 species
  • Franz, R. 1992a. Florida Cave Amphipod Crangonyx grandimanus Bousfield. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 168–169. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992b. Hobbs Cave Amphipod Crangonyx hobbsi Shoemaker. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 170–171. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992c. Swimming Little Florida Cave Isopod Remasellus parvus (Steeves). In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 174–175. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. nothing tagged
  • Franz, R. 1992d. Florida Cave Isopod Caecidotea hobbsi (Maloney). In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 175–177. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. nothing tagged
  • Franz, R. 1992e. Squirrel Chimney Cave Shrimp Palaemonetes cummingi Chace. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 181–182. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 3 species
  • Franz, R. 1992f. Orlando Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Lonnbergius) acherontis (Lonnberg). In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 183–185. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992g. Putnam County Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Lonnbergius) morrisi Hobbs and Franz. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 185–186. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992h. Miami Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Leconticambarus) milleri Hobbs. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 189–191. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 3 species
  • Franz, R. 1992i. Silver Glen Springs Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) attiguus Hobbs and Franz. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 191–193. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992j. Big-Cheeked Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) delicatus Hobbs and Franz. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 193–194. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992k. Sante Fe Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) erythrops Relyea and Sutton. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 195–197. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 3 species
  • Franz, R. 1992l. Orange Lake Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) franzi Hobbs and Lee. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 197–198. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 4 species
  • Franz, R. 1992m. Big Blue Spring Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) horsti Hobbs and Means. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 199–200. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992n. Coastal Lowland Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) leitheuseri Franz and Hobbs. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 201–202. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 4 species
  • Franz, R. 1992o. Withlacoochee Light-Fleeing Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lucifugus lucifugus (Hobbs). In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 203–205. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 5 species
  • Franz, R. 1992p. Alachua Light-Fleeing Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lucifugus alachua (Hobbs). In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 205–207. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992q. Woodville Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) orcinus Hobbs and Means. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 207–209. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992r. Pallid Cave Crayfish Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pallidus (Hobbs). In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 209–211. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1992s. North Florida Spider Cave Crayfish Troglocambarus maclanei Hobbs. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 214–216. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 2 species
  • Franz, R. 1992t. Apalachicola Cave Crayfish Cambarus (Jugicambarus) cryptodytes Hobbs. In: Deyrup, M. & Franz, R. (eds), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume IV. Invertebrates, pp. 216–218. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 1 species
  • Franz, R. 1994. Squirrel Chimney Cave Shrimp survey. Report prepared for Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 4 pp. 3 species
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  • Franz, R. 2022. Dr. Archie Carr reconnects with an old acquaintance. In: Poucher, S. (ed), Wildlife of Florida's Springs. An Illustrated Guide to over 150 Species, pp. 156–157. Pineapple Press, Palm Beach, Florida, USA. 1 species
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  • Gage, L. 2025. Preliminary observation of terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial fauna in Breathing Hole Cave. Northern Indiana Grotto Newsletter: 1–7. 5 species
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  • Gannon, M.R. & Bovard, B.N. 2016. The value of bats: keystone species in the keystone state. In: Butchkoski, C.M., Reeder, D.M., Turner, G.G. & Whidden, H.P. (eds), Conservation and Ecology of Pennsylvania's Bats, pp. 5–31. The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA. 1 species
  • Garman, S. 1889. Cave animals from southwestern Missouri. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 17: 225–240. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4632250. 10 species
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  • Gertsch, W.J. 1984. The spider family Nesticidae (Araneae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 31: 1–91. 29 species
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  • Sawicki, T.R., Holsinger, J.R., Laz-Wasem, E.A. & Long, R.A. 2017. A new species of subterranean amphipod (Amphipoda: Gammaridae: Crangonyctidae) from Florida, with a genetic analysis of associated microbial mats. Journal of Crustacean Biology 37: 285–295. 1 species
  • Schultz, G.A. 1964. Two additional data on terrestrial isopod crustaceans: Ligidium blueridgensis, sp. nov., from Georgia and a North Carolina cave location for Miktoniscus linearis (Patience, 1908). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 80: 90–94. 1 species
  • Schultz, G.A. 1970. Descriptions of new subspecies of Ligidium elrodii (Packard) comb. nov. with notes on other isopod crustaceans from caves in North America (Oniscoidea). The American Midland Naturalist 84: 36–45. 4 species
  • Schultz, G.A. 1976. Miktoniscus halophilus Blake, M. medcofi (Van Name) and M. morganensis n. Comb., reconsidered with notes on New World species of the genus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Trichoniscidae). The American Midland Naturalist 95: 28–41. 1 species
  • Schultz, G.A. 1981. Isopods (Oniscoidea) from caves in North America and northern South America. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Speleology. Volume 2: 551–552. nothing tagged
  • Schuster, G.A., Taylor, C.A. & McGregor, S.W. 2022. Crayfishes of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 496 pp. 7 species
  • Seibert, H.C. & Brandon, R.A. 1960. The salamanders of southeastern Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science 60: 291–303. https://kb.osu.edu/bitstreams/1a8cbbb7–8184–5987–9c09-ac703d8485b9/download. 7 species
  • Shear, W.A. 1969. A synopsis of the cave millipedes of the United States, with an illustrated key to genera. Psyche 76: 126–143. 10 species
  • Shear, W.A. 1972. Studies in the milliped order Chordeumida (Diplopoda): A revision of the family Cleidogonidae and a reclassification of the order Chordeumida in the New World. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 144: 151–352. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4227660. 43 species
  • Shear, W.A. 1975. The opilionid genera Sabacon and Tomicomerus in America (Opiliones, Trogulidae, Ischyropsalidae). Journal of Arachnology 3: 5–29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3705252. 1 species
  • Shear, W.A. 1986. A cladistic analysis of the opilionid superfamily Ischyropsalidoidea, with descriptions of the new family Ceratolasmatidae, the new genus Acuclavella, and four new species. American Museum Novitates 2844: 1–29. https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstreams/72146c87-ffe0–4073–8f28-a4739aec5c2f/download. 1 species
  • Shear, W.A. 2010a. The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 2: The genera Trichopetalum, Zygonopus and Scoterpes (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea). Zootaxa 2385: 1–62. 22 species
  • Shear, W.A. 2010b. Hesperonemastoma smilax, n. sp., a remarkable new harvestman from a cave in West Virginia, with comments on other reported cave-dwelling Hesperonemastoma species (Opiliones, Ischyropsalidoidea, Sabaconidae). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 72: 105–110. 4 species
  • Shear, W.A., McPherson, I.S., Jones, T.H., Loria, S.F. & Zilger, K.S. 2010. Chemical defense of a troglobiont millipede, Tetracion jonesi Hoffman (Diplopoda, Callipodida, Abacionidae). International Journal of Myriapodology 3: 153–158. 1 species
  • Shear, W.A., Pape, R.B. & Marek, P.E. 2025. Cave millipedes of the United States. XVII. A new troglobiotic Nevadesmus Shear, 2009 from an Arizona cave (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae) with observations on associated fauna and ecology. Zootaxa 5722: 433–442. 1 species
  • Shelley, R.M. 1979. A synopsis of the millipede genus Cambala with a description of Cambala minor Bollman (Spirostreptida: Cambalidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 92: 551–571. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35514268. 5 species
  • Shoemaker, C.R. 1941. A new subterranean amphipod of the genus Crangonyx from Florida. The Charleston Museum Leaflet 16: 9–14. 1 species
  • Simmons, D.D. 1975. The evolutionary ecology of Gyrinophilus palleucus. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 105 pp. 11 species
  • Simmons, D. 1976. A naturally metamorphosed Gyrinophilus palleucus (Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodontidae). Journal of Herpetology 10: 255–257. 2 species
  • Simon, T.P. 2011. Conservation status of North American freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the southern United States. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 120(1–2): 71–95. https://journals.indianapolis.iu.edu/index.php/ias/article/download/21024/20442/0. 29 species
  • Sisco, J.M. & Sawicki, T.R. 2023. Molecular and morphological analyses reveal a new hypogean species of amphipod in the genus Crangonyx Bate, 1859 (Crustacea: Crangonyctidae) within the floridanus species complex, from Suwannee County, Florida. Journal of Natural History 57: 21–24. 8 species
  • Skelton, C.E. 2019a. Procambarus pallidus (Hobbs, 1940) Pallid Cave Crayfish. Georgia Biodiversity Portal, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. https://georgiabiodiversity.org/portal/profile?group=animals&es_id=374262. 1 species
  • Skelton, C.E. 2019b. Cambarus cryptodytes Hobbs, 1941 Dougherty Plains Cave Crayfish. Georgia Biodiversity Portal, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. https://georgiabiodiversity.org/portal/profile?group=animals&es_id=17728. 1 species
  • Smith, M.O. 2022. Two more Georgia caves: letters from Marion. 2022 Bulletin of the Georgia Speleological Survey: 31–32. nothing tagged
  • Smith, L.M., Doonan, T.J., Sylvia, A.L. & Gore, J.A. 2021. Characteristics of caves used by wintering bats in a subtropical environment. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12: 139–150. 2 species
  • Snowman, C.V., Zigler, K.S. & Hedin, M. 2010. Caves as islands: mitochondrial phylogeography of the cave-obligate spider species Nesticus barri (Araneae: Nesticidae). The Journal of Arachnology 38: 49–56. 1 species
  • Sokolov, I.M. 2020. Four new species of the genus Anillinus Casey (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anillini) from Alabama, USA, with a revised key to the Alabama species. Zootaxa 4808: 547–559. 3 species
  • Sokolov, I.M., Carlton, C. & Cornell, J.F. 2004. Review of Anillinus, with descriptions of 17 new species and a key to soil and litter species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 58: 185–233. 2 species
  • Soto-Adames, F.N. & Taylor, S.J. 2013. New species and new records of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) from caves in the Salem Plateau of Illinois, USA. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 75: 146–175. 45 species
  • Stafford, B.E. 1911. A new subterranean freshwater isopod. Pomona College Journal of Entomology 3: 572–575. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8204543. 1 species
  • Steeves, H.R. 1963. The troglobitic asellids of the United States: the stygius group. The American Midland Naturalist 69: 470–481. 4 species
  • Steeves, H.R. 1964. The troglobitic asellids of the United States: the hobbsi group. The American Midland Naturalist 71: 445–451. 1 species
  • Steeves, H.R. 1965. Two new species of troglobitic asellids from the United States. The American Midland Naturalist 73: 81–84. nothing tagged
  • Steeves, H.R. 1966. Evolutionary aspects of the troglobitic asellids of the United States: the hobbsi, stygius and cannulus groups. The American Midland Naturalist 75: 392–403. 3 species
  • Steeves, H.R. & Holsinger, J.R. 1968. Biology of three new species of troglobitic asellids from Tennessee. The American Midland Naturalist 80: 75–83. 3 species
  • Steeves, H.R. & Seidenberg, A.J. 1971. A new species of troglobitic asellid from Illinois. The American Midland Naturalist 85: 231–234. nothing tagged
  • Stein, C.B. 1976. Gastropods. In: Boshung, H. (ed), Endangered and threatened plants and animals of Alabama. Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin 2, pp. 21–41. Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 1 species
  • Stephen, C.D.R. 2022. Gene flow, morphology, and taxonomic revision of cave-obligate Hesperochernes pseudoscorpions. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA. 151 pp. https://etd.auburn.edu/bitstream/handle/10415/8182/StephenCDR_dissertation.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y. 6 species
  • Stern, D.B., Breinholt, J., Pedraza-Lara, C., Lopez-Mejia, M., Owen, C.L., Bracken-Grissom, H., Fetzner, J.W., Jr. & Crandall, K.A. 2017. Phylogenetic evidence from freshwater crayfishes that cave adaptation is not an evolutionary dead-end. Evolution 71(10): 2522–2532. 31 species
  • Stout, V.R. 1911. A new subterranean freshwater amphipod. Pomona College Journal of Entomology 3: 569–571. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8204540. 1 species
  • Streever, W.J. 1992a. Report of a cave fauna kill at Peacock Springs Cave System, Suwannee County, Florida. Florida Scientist 55: 125–128. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24320493. 4 species
  • Streever, W.J. 1992b. First record of Corbicula clams within flooded cave systems. Florida Scientist 55: 35–37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24320473. 1 species
  • Streever, W.J. 1992c. First record of the colonial cnidarian Cordylophora lacustris within a flooded cave system. National Speleological Society Bulletin 54: 77–78. 2 species
  • Streever, W.J. 1995. Recovery of the cave crayfish (Decapoda: Cambridae) population in Peacock Springs, Florida?. Brimleyana 22: 61–65. https://archive.org/download/biostor-217805/biostor-217805.pdf. 2 species
  • Streever, W.J. 1996. Energy economy hypothesis and the troglobitic crayfish Procambarus erythrops in Sim's Sink Cave, Florida. The American Midland Naturalist 135: 357–366. 1 species
  • Strenth, N.E. 1976. A review of the systematics and zoogeography of the freshwater species of Palaemonetes Heller of North America (Crustacea: Decapoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 228: 1–27. 1 species
  • Strumpher, W.P. & Stals, R. 2025. A world list of known cave- and bat guano-associated Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), and further range extension of Omorgus lindemannae (Petrovitz). Faunitaxys 13: 1–11. 18 species
  • Sutherland, C. 2018. Trip report: East Water Supply Cave. Tennessee Caver 2018: 26–27. 4 species
  • Swain, M.T. & Niemiller, M.L. 2021. Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (Spring Salamander). Diet. Herpetological Review 52: 108–109. 2 species
  • Swofford, D.L. 1976. Genetic variability, population differentiation and biochemical relationships in the family Amblyopsidae. Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky, USA. 193 pp. 6 species
  • Swofford, D.L., Branson, B.A. & Sievert, G.A. 1980. Genetic differentiation of cavefish populations (Amblyopsidae). Isozyme Bulletin 13: 109–110. 3 species
  • Taylor, S.J. & Niemiller, M.L. 2016. Biogeography and conservation assessment of Bactrurus groundwater amphipods (Crangonyctidae) in the central and eastern United States. Subterranean Biology 17: 1–29. 9 species
  • Tellkampf, T. 1844. Beschreibung einiger neuer in der Mammuth-Höhle in Kentucky aufgefundener Gattungen von Gliedertieren. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10: 318–322. 4 species
  • Tellkampf, T.A. 1845. Memoirs on the blind fishes and some other animals living in the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. The New York Journal of Medicine and the Collateral Sciences 5: 84–93. https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_York_journal_of_medicine/rXEdAQAAMAAJ?hl=en. 7 species
  • Tennessee Cave Survey. 2005. Biological records from Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia caves. Tennessee Cave Survey. 19 species
  • Thibaud & J.-M. 1975. Description de trois especes nouvelles des genres Bonetogastrura et Typhlogastrura (Insectes Collemboles Hypogastruridae). Annales de Speleologie 30: 343–346. 1 species
  • Thibaud & J.-M. 1980. Révision des genres Typhlogastrura Bonet, 1930, et Bonetogastrura Thibaud, 1974 (Insectes, Collemboles). Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, biologie et écologie animales 2: 245–288. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58167074. 1 species
  • Thomas, D.P. & Best, T.L. 2000. Radiotelemetric assessment of movement patterns of the Gray Bat (Myotis grisescsens) at Guntersville Reservoir, Alabama. Occasional Papers of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and the North Carolina Biological Survey 12: 27–39. 1 species
  • Thomas, M.R. & Sabaj, M.H. 2020. Chapter 17. Heptapteridae: seven-finned catfishes. In: Warren, Jr., M.L & Burr, B.M. (eds), Freshwater Fishes of North America. Volume 2. Characidae to Poeciliidae, pp. 123–148. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 2 species
  • Thompson, F.G. 1975. Final report on the endangered/threatened mollusk species of streams of the Coastal Plain region of southeastern United States. Report to the Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Department of Interior, Washington, DC, USA. 1 species
  • Thompson, F.G. & Hershler, R. 1991. Two new hydrobiid snails (Amnicolinae) from Florida and Georgia, with a discussion of the biogeography of freshwater gastropods of south Georgia streams. Malacological Review 24: 55–72. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11343. 3 species
  • Trumbore, L.E., Reynolds, R.J., Thomas, S.C., Orndorff, W., Cramphorn, B., Gladstone, N.S., Harden, C.W., Lewis, J.J., Milne, M.A., Ober, K.A., Shear, W.A., Stephen, C.D.R. & Zigler, K.S. 2024. Cave biodiversity of Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 86: 13–24. 57 species
  • Turanchik, E.J. & Kane, T.C. 1979. Ecological genetics of the cave beetle Neaphaenops tellkampfii (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Oecologia 44: 63–67. 1 species
  • Tuttle, M.D. 1977. Gating as a means of protecting cave dwelling bats. 1976 National Cave Management Symposium Proceedings: 77–82. 4 species
  • U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2022. Species status assessment report for the Georgia Blind Salamander (Eurycea wallacei) version 1.0. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, South Atlantic-Gulf Region, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 47 pp. 2 species
  • Valentine, J.M. 1931. New cavernicole Carabidae of the subfamily Trechinae Jeannel. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 46: 247–258. 11 species
  • Valentine, J.M. 1932a. Horologion, a new genus of cave beetles. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 25: 1–11. 1 species
  • Valentine, J.M. 1932b. A classification of the genus Pseudanophthalmus Jeannel (Fam. Carabidae) with descriptions of new species and notes on distribution. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 47: 261–280. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24332003. 31 species
  • Valentine, J.M. 1937. Anophthalmid beetles (fam. Carabidae) from Tennessee caves. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 53: 93–100. 12 species
  • Valentine, J.M. 1945. Speciation and raciation in Pseudanophthalmus (cavernicolous Carabidae). Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 36: 631–672. 20 species
  • Valentine, J.M. 1948. New Anophthalmid beetles (fam. Carabidae) from the Appalachian Region. Geological Survey of Alabama Museum Paper 27: 1–20. 7 species
  • Valentine, J.M. 1952. New genera of anophthalmid beetles from Cumberland caves (Carabidae, Trechinae). Geological Survey of Alabama Museum Paper 34: 1–41. 6 species
  • Valentine, B.D. 1954. The external morphology of the plethodontid salamander, Haideotriton. Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Society 4: 99–102. 1 species
  • Valentine, B.D. 1962. The range of the cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga Rafinesque, in Alabama. Herpetologica 18: 214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3890032. 1 species
  • Van Helsdingen, P.J. 1973. A recapitulation of the Nearctic species of Centromerus Dahl (Araneida, Linyphiidae) with remarks on Tunagyna Debilis (Banks). Zoologische Verhandelingen 124: 3–45. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317890/ZV1973124001.pdf. 1 species
  • Vandel, A. 1950. Isopodes terrestres recueillis par C. Bolivar et R. Jeannel (1928) et le Dr. Henrot (1946). Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 87: 183–210. 5 species
  • Vandel, A. 1953. A new terrestrial isopod from Oregon, Caucasonethes rothi n. sp. Pacific Science 7: 175–178. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstreams/4bbc9bc7–05ca-477e-abc9–348daabcc5f6/download. 1 species
  • Vandel, A. 1965. Les Trichoniscidae cavernicoles (Isopoda Terrestria; Crustacea) de l'Amérique du Nord. Annales de Speleologie 20: 347–389. 10 species
  • Vandel, A. 1978. Les especes appartenant au genre Amerigoniscus Vandel 1950 (Crustaces, Isopodes, Oniscoides). Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 113: 303–310. 5 species
  • Venarsky, M.P., Benstead, J.P. & Huryn, A.D. 2012a. Effects of organic matter and season on leaf litter colonisation and breakdown in cave streams. Freshwater Biology 57: 773–786. 1 species
  • Venarsky, M.P., Huryn, A.D. & Benstead, J.P. 2012b. Re-examining extreme longevity of the cave crayfish Orconectes australis using new mark-recapture data: a lesson on the limitations of iterative size-at-age models. Freshwater Biology 57: 1471–1481. 5 species
  • Wakefield, K.R. & Zigler, K.S. 2012. Obligate subterranean fauna of Carter State Natural Area, Franklin County, Tennessee. Speleolobiology Notes 4: 24–28. 14 species
  • Wallace, R.L. 1984. Biological survey report of Great Smoky Mountains National Park caves. Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA. 33 pp. 26 species
  • Wallace, R.L. 1989. Report on a carabid cave beetle survey. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, North Carolina, USA. 6 pp. 9 species
  • Wallace, R.L. 1990a. Myhr Cave fauna. Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA. 5 pp. 9 species
  • Wallace, R.L. 1990b. Biological survey report of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park caves. Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA. 34 pp. 29 species
  • Wallace, R.L. 2003. Biological survey report of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park caves. Tennessee Caver 2: 3–23. nothing tagged
  • Walsh, S.J. 2000. Conservation of aquatic karst biotas: shedding light on troubled waters. In: Abell, R.A. (ed), Freshwater Ecoregions of North America: A Conservation Assessment, pp. 106–108. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA. 2 species
  • Walsh, S.J. 2001. Freshwater macrofauna of Florida karst habitats. Proceedings of the 2001 U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group, USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4011: 78–88. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_talks/101/. 30 species
  • Walton, M., Hobbs & H.H. Jr. 1959. Two eyeless ostracods of the genus Entocythere from Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 22: 114–120. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24314687. 4 species
  • Warren, R.D. 1961. The obligate cavernicoles of Florida. Special Papers of the Florida Speleological Society 1: 1–10. 9 species
  • Weaver, H.D. 1980. Chattanooga, Tennessee. 15th Annual NC Convention, Oct. 28, 29, 30–1980. Down Under 15: 5. 1 species
  • Webb, D.W., Taylor, S.J. & Krejca, J.K. 1993. The biological resources of Illinois caves and other subterranean environments. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA. 143 pp. 212 species
  • Wenner, A.S. 1984. Current status and management of gray bat caves in Jackson County, Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 12: 1–24. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ffn/vol12/iss1/1?utm_source=digitalcommons.usf.edu%2Fffn%2Fvol12%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages. 2 species
  • Whittaker, F.H. & Zober, S.J. 1978. Proteocephalus poulsoni sp. n. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from the northern cavefish Amblyopsis spelaea DeKay, 1842 (Pisces: Amblyopsidae) of Kentucky. Folia Parasitologica 25: 277–280. https://folia.paru.cas.cz/pdfs/fol/1978/03/11.pdf. 2 species
  • Wicks, C.M. & Noltie, D.B. 2002. Variations in the discharge and specific conductance of the spring water in which stygobitic species live. Hydrogeology and Biology of Post-Palaeozoic Carbonate Aquifers. Proceedings of the Symposium Karst Frontiers: Florida and Related Environments: 183–184. https://karstwaters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/SP7-Florida-PostPaleozoic-carbonate-aquifers.pdf. 1 species
  • Woods, L.P. & Inger, R.F. 1957. The cave, spring, and swamp fishes of the family Amblyopsidae of central and eastern United States. The American Midland Naturalist 58: 232–256. 6 species
  • Yancey, M.E., Mann, N.C., Milne, M.A. & Zigler, K.S. 2018. Eggs sacs of Liocranoides Keyserling, 1881 (Araneae: Zoropsidae) cave spiders. The Journal of Arachnology 46: 553–555. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26758314. 2 species
  • Yeatman, H.C. 1964. A new cavernicolous cyclopoid copepod from Tennessee and Illinois. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 39: 95–98. 3 species
  • Yeatman, H.C. 1967. Artifically metamorphosed neotenic cave salamanders. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 42: 16–22. 2 species
  • Yeatman, H.C. & Miller, H.B. 1985. A naturally metamorphosed Gyrinophilus palleucus from the type-locality. Journal of Herpetology 19: 304–306. 2 species
  • Zacharda, M. 1985. New Rhagidiidae (Acarina: Prostigmata) from caves of the USA. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke 49: 67–80. 9 species
  • Zacharda, M. & Elliott, W.R. 1981. Holarctic cave mites of the family Rhagidiidae (Actinedida: Eupodoidea). Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Speleology. Volume 2: 604–607. 2 species
  • Zacharda, M., Fong, D., Hobbs, H.H., III, Piva, E., Slay, M.E. & Taylor, S.J. 2010. A review of the genus Traegaardhia (Acari, Prostigmata, Rhagidiidae) with descriptions of new species and a key to species. Zootaxa 2474: 1–64. 4 species
  • Zalik, N.J., Vardo-Zalik, A.M. & Butchkoski, C.M. 2016. Pennsylvania's Appalachian bat count: trends from summer roost surveys and a comparison of surveys before and after the arrival of white-nose syndrome. In: Butchkoski, C.M., Reeder, D.M., Turner, G.G. & Whidden, H.P. (eds), Conservation and Ecology of Pennsylvania's Bats, pp. 153–166. The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA. 1 species
  • Zhang, J. & Holsinger, J.R. 2003. Systematics of the freshwater amphipod genus Crangonyx (Crangonyctidae) in North America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memior 6: 1–274. 29 species
  • Zigler, K.S. & Cooper, G.M. 2011. Brood size of the stygobiotic asellid isopod Caecidotea bicrenata from Franklin County, Tennessee, USA. Speleolobiology Notes 3: 1–3. 1 species
  • Zigler, K.S., Niemiller, M.L., Stephen, C.D.R., Ayala, B.N., Milne, M.A., Gladstone, N.S., Engel, A.S., Jensen, J.B., Camp, C.D., Ozier, J.C. & Cressler, A. 2020. Biodiversity from caves and other subterranean habitats of Georgia, USA. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 82: 125–167. 280 species
  • Zigler, K.S. & Milne, M.A. 2022. Two new Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in northwest Georgia, USA. The Journal of Arachnology 50: 292–300. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27233972. 4 species
  • Zinn, T.L. 1977. Community ecology of Florida bats with emphasis on Myotis austroriparius. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 88 pp. 1 species
  • Zinn, T.L. & Humphrey, S.R. 1981. Seasonal food resources and prey selection of the Southeastern Brown Bat (Myotis austroriparius) in Florida. Florida Scientist 44: 81–90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24319689. 1 species
  • Zipperlen, A. 1884. Ein amerikanischer olm. Zoologische Garten 12: 360. 1 species

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