White-Tailed Deer
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Artiodactyla |
| Family | Cervidae |
| Genus | Odocoileus |
| Species | Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) |
Description
Diagnostic characters
- Ecological class
- Accidental
- Realm
- Terrestrial
- Eyes
- Normal
- Pigment
- Normal
Morphological description
Body size
Type series
Similar species
Distribution
Range
Known from three counties across three states.
Continent
North America
Country
United States
States and provinces
Alabama, Florida, Kentucky
Counties
- Alabama
- Jackson
- Florida
- Alachua
- Kentucky
- Edmonson
Habitat
- Terrestrial habitat
- Cave floor and breakdown
- Cave zone
- Entrance, Twilight
Ecology and life history
Reproduction
Development
Diet
Predators
Population ecology
Community associates
Diseases and parasites
Behavior
Genetics
Phylogenetics
Population genetics
Genetic resources
Conservation and management
IUCN Red List
LC Least Concern
Assessed in 2016.
NatureServe
G5 Secure
National ranks
- Canada
- N5 Secure
- United States
- N5 Secure
Subnational ranks
- New Brunswick
- S5 Secure
- Saskatchewan
- S4 Apparently Secure
- Manitoba
- S5 Secure
- British Columbia
- S5 Secure
- Alberta
- S5 Secure
- Nova Scotia
- S5 Secure
- Ontario
- S5 Secure
- Quebec
- S5 Secure
- Northwest Territories
- S4 Apparently Secure
- Florida
- S5 Secure
- Kentucky
- S5 Secure
- Colorado
- S5 Secure
- Pennsylvania
- S5 Secure
- District of Columbia
- S5 Secure
- Oklahoma
- SNR Unranked
- Rhode Island
- S5 Secure
- Massachusetts
- S5 Secure
- Utah
- S1 Critically Imperiled
- Arkansas
- S5 Secure
- Wyoming
- S5 Secure
- Alabama
- S5 Secure
- Maryland
- S5 Secure
- Indiana
- S5 Secure
- West Virginia
- S5 Secure
- South Carolina
- S5 Secure
- Maine
- S5 Secure
- North Carolina
- S5 Secure
- New Jersey
- S5 Secure
- Texas
- S5 Secure
- Iowa
- S5 Secure
- Michigan
- S5 Secure
- Missouri
- S5 Secure
- Montana
- S5 Secure
- Virginia
- S5 Secure
- New York
- S5 Secure
- North Dakota
- SNR Unranked
- South Dakota
- S5 Secure
- Washington
- S5 Secure
- Tennessee
- S5 Secure
- Louisiana
- S5 Secure
- Georgia
- S5 Secure
- Kansas
- S5 Secure
- Vermont
- S5 Secure
- Mississippi
- S5 Secure
- Wisconsin
- S5 Secure
- Illinois
- S5 Secure
- Ohio
- SNR Unranked
- Arizona
- S5 Secure
- Connecticut
- S5 Secure
- Oregon
- S3 Vulnerable
- Delaware
- S5 Secure
- New Hampshire
- S5 Secure
- Idaho
- S5 Secure
- Minnesota
- SNR Unranked
- New Mexico
- S4 Apparently Secure
- Nebraska
- S5 Secure
Ranks looked up 2 August 2026. Conservation status changes, and a rank here is as current as that date and no more.
State and federal status
Endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
References
- Godwin, J.C. 2008. Biological inventory of the cave and karst systems of The Nature Conservancy's Sharp-Bingham Mountain Preserve. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Auburn, Alabama, USA. 40 pp.
- McGregor, S.W., O'Neil, P.E., Rheams, K.F., Moser, P.H. & Blackwood, R. 1997. Biological, geological, and hydrological investigations in Bobcat, Matthews, and Shelta caves and other selected caves in north Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 166: 1–198.
- McGregor, S.W., Rheams, K.F., O'Neil, P.E., Moser, P.H. & Blackwood, R. 1994. Biological, geological, and hydrological investigations in Bobcat, Matthews, and Shelta caves and other selected caves in north Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA. 226 pp.
- Morris, T. & Butt, P.L. 1994. A re-survey of the population of the Squirrel Chimney (Florida) cave shrimp (Palaemonetes cummingi), other species, and the condition of the environment within the Squirrel Chimney Cave system, Alachua County, Florida. Report prepared for Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission. Karst Environmental Services, Inc., High Springs, Florida, USA. 12 pp.
- Pylka, J.M. 1957. Cave vertebrates of Florida. The Florida Speleologist 1: 6–7.
This account was last revised 19 September 2026. Conservation ranks were looked up 2 August 2026.
How to cite this account
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780). Cave Biology Data Portal, account SP-2728. https://cavebiology.org/species/odocoileus-virginianus/ (accessed 22 October 2026).
Data sources and funding are listed in the Acknowledgments.
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