Violet Ridged Millipede
Cambala annulata (Say, 1821)

Taxonomy

Description

Diagnostic characters

Ecological class

Troglophile

Realm

Terrestrial

Distribution

Range

Known from 15 counties across six states.

Continent

North America

Country

United States

States and provinces

Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee

Counties

Alabama

Talladega

Florida

Jackson

Georgia

Bartow, Chattooga, Dade, Randolph

Indiana

Crawford, Monroe

Kentucky

Carter, Edmonson, Robertson

Tennessee

Grainger, Marion, Perry, Wayne

Conservation and management

NatureServe

G5 Secure

National ranks

United States

NNR

Subnational ranks

Indiana

SNA Not Applicable

Virginia

S5 Secure

State and federal status

Not listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act

References

• Bailey, V. 1933. Cave Life of Kentucky. US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, DC, USA. 256 pp.
• Banta, A.M. 1907. The fauna of Mayfield's Cave. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 67: 1–114. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60987.
• Causey, N.B. 1959. Some cavernicolous millipeds from the Cumberland Plateau. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 34: 229–237.
• Franz, R., Bauer, J. & Morris, T. 1994. Review of biologically significant caves and their faunas in Florida and south Georgia. Brimleyana 20: 1–109. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/229726.
• Giovannoli, L. 1933. Invertebrate life of Mammoth and other neighboring caves. In: Bailey, V. (ed), Cave Life of Kentucky, pp. 600–623.
• Lewis, J.J. & Lewis, S.L. 2007. A biological reconnaissance of selected caves in the Highland Rim area of central Tennessee. Tennessee Chapter Cave Program, The Nature Conservancy, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 42 pp.
• Lewis, J.J., Whitaker, J.O. & Krantz, G.W. 2010. A biological reconnaissance of the invertebrate fauna of twelve Tennessee caves with notes on the guanophilic mites of the genus Macrocheles. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 85: 53–61.
• Loomis, H.F. 1939. The millipeds collected in Appalachian caves by Mr. Kenneth Dearolf. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 86: 165–193. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2775893.
• Loomis, H.F. 1943. New and epigen millipeds of the United States, with notes on some established species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 92: 371–410. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2825746.
• Peck, S.B. 1970. The terrestrial arthropod fauna of Florida caves. The Florida Entomologist 53: 203–207. doi:10.2307/3493189
• Peck, S.B. 1989. The cave fauna of Alabama. Part I. The terrestrial invertebrates (excluding insects). National Speleological Society Bulletin 51: 11–33.
• Reeves, W.K., Jensen, J.B. & Ozier, J.C. 2000. New faunal and fungal records from caves in Georgia, USA. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 62: 169–179. https://caves.org/wp-content/uploads/Publications/JCKS/v62/v62n3-Reeves.pdf.
• Shelley, R.M. 1979. A synopsis of the millipede genus Cambala with a description of Cambala minor Bollman (Spirostreptida: Cambalidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 92: 551–571. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35514268.
• Zigler, K.S., Niemiller, M.L., Stephen, C.D.R., Ayala, B.N., Milne, M.A., Gladstone, N.S., Engel, A.S., Jensen, J.B., Camp, C.D., Ozier, J.C. & Cressler, A. 2020. Biodiversity from caves and other subterranean habitats of Georgia, USA. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 82: 125–167. doi:10.4311/2019LSC0125

How to cite this account

Data sources and funding are listed in the Acknowledgments.

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